计算机底层是如何访问显卡的?
以前 DOS下做游戏,操作系统除了磁盘和文件管理外基本不管事情,所有游戏都是直接操作显卡和声卡的,用不了什么驱动。
虽然没有驱动,但是硬件标准还是放在那里,VGA, SVGA, VESA, VESA2.0 之类的硬件标准,最起码,你只做320x200x256c的游戏,或者 ModeX 下 320x240x256c 的游戏的话,需要用到VGA和部分 SVGA标准,而要做真彩高彩,更高分辨率的游戏的话,就必须掌握 VESA的各项规范了。
翻几段以前写的代码演示下:
例子1: 初始化 VGA/VESA 显示模式
基本是参考 VGA的编程手册来做:
INT 10,0 - Set Video Mode
AH = 00
AL = 00 40x25 B/W text (CGA,EGA,MCGA,VGA)
= 01 40x25 16 color text (CGA,EGA,MCGA,VGA)
= 02 80x25 16 shades of gray text (CGA,EGA,MCGA,VGA)
= 03 80x25 16 color text (CGA,EGA,MCGA,VGA)
= 04 320x200 4 color graphics (CGA,EGA,MCGA,VGA)
= 05 320x200 4 color graphics (CGA,EGA,MCGA,VGA)
= 06 640x200 B/W graphics (CGA,EGA,MCGA,VGA)
= 07 80x25 Monochrome text (MDA,HERC,EGA,VGA)
= 08 160x200 16 color graphics (PCjr)
= 09 320x200 16 color graphics (PCjr)
= 0A 640x200 4 color graphics (PCjr)
= 0B Reserved (EGA BIOS function 11)
= 0C Reserved (EGA BIOS function 11)
= 0D 320x200 16 color graphics (EGA,VGA)
= 0E 640x200 16 color graphics (EGA,VGA)
= 0F 640x350 Monochrome graphics (EGA,VGA)
= 10 640x350 16 color graphics (EGA or VGA with 128K)
640x350 4 color graphics (64K EGA)
= 11 640x480 B/W graphics (MCGA,VGA)
= 12 640x480 16 color graphics (VGA)
= 13 320x200 256 color graphics (MCGA,VGA)
= 8x EGA, MCGA or VGA ignore bit 7, see below
= 9x EGA, MCGA or VGA ignore bit 7, see below
- if AL bit 7=1, prevents EGA,MCGA & VGA from clearing display
- function updates byte at 40:49; bit 7 of byte 40:87
(EGA/VGA Display Data Area) is set to the value of AL bit 7
转换成代码的话,类似这样:
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